Nintendo's finances are not in great shape and the manufacturer must work hard to offer the next U Wii in a timely manner.
The last meeting financial Nintendo did not cause great rejoicing in the ranks. With a loss of 70.274 billion yen in the first half of fiscal year (which began in April 2011), the company also has faced a rather cold atmosphere on the side of its shareholders. Decline in the price of 3DS, sales of this portable long half-mast, Wii sales also down, Nintendo is currently a lack of resources to revive the machine.
It is therefore necessary to Nintendo to be on time for appointments for the next Wii U. A new console, new games, new enthusiasm of a new way of playing, this should allow Nintendo to raise. Also, Satoru Iwata announced that the console should be ready for the upcoming E3 2012. The launch of the console will not do before summer 2012.
To reassure investors, cautious of late and doubtful about the policy of Nintendo, Satoru Iwata said the company has drawn its lessons from the launch of the 3DS and should do better for the next Wii U.
Tobacco: sugar and flavorings to "recruit and retain" young people and women
A study by 60 million consumers in partnership with the National Committee against smoking (NCTC), published in the November issue of French magazine, points to the various products used by tobacco companies to sweeten the taste of tobacco and attract new consumers. According to this test performed in the laboratory, integrated manufacturer of sugar and flavors in their products to "recruit and retain" young people and women.
The magazine 60 Million Consumers laboratory analyzed the composition of twenty-flavored products, including cigarettes, rolling tobacco, pipe tobacco and hookah, cigarillos and rolling papers.
The study analyzed the cigarettes meet quite the decree prohibiting the addition of sweeteners and capping the amount of aromas of vanilla and ethyl vanillin.
"The threshold is a threshold health and unfortunately, this decree does not prohibit cigarette manufacturers and tobacco in general continue to boast aromas of confectionery products (vanilla, apple, chocolate, cotton candy ...). If the rules are observed, these sweet flavors are so important marketing strategy for cigarretiers "explain, however, the magazine and the NCTC.
Not covered by the regulations applied to cigarettes, other tobacco products would be provided with their flavors to very high levels. "The study has highlighted some cigarillos rates of vanillin and ethyl vanillin up to ten times what is allowed for cigarettes", say the two initiators of this test.
In view of this, 60 million consumers and NCTC require the implementation of a "regulation for all tobacco products," and a "greater transparency in labeling." Last point: the extension of the ban on flavorings to outlaw "the use of any type of flavor designed to make products more attractive."
The magazine 60 Million Consumers laboratory analyzed the composition of twenty-flavored products, including cigarettes, rolling tobacco, pipe tobacco and hookah, cigarillos and rolling papers.
The study analyzed the cigarettes meet quite the decree prohibiting the addition of sweeteners and capping the amount of aromas of vanilla and ethyl vanillin.
"The threshold is a threshold health and unfortunately, this decree does not prohibit cigarette manufacturers and tobacco in general continue to boast aromas of confectionery products (vanilla, apple, chocolate, cotton candy ...). If the rules are observed, these sweet flavors are so important marketing strategy for cigarretiers "explain, however, the magazine and the NCTC.
Not covered by the regulations applied to cigarettes, other tobacco products would be provided with their flavors to very high levels. "The study has highlighted some cigarillos rates of vanillin and ethyl vanillin up to ten times what is allowed for cigarettes", say the two initiators of this test.
In view of this, 60 million consumers and NCTC require the implementation of a "regulation for all tobacco products," and a "greater transparency in labeling." Last point: the extension of the ban on flavorings to outlaw "the use of any type of flavor designed to make products more attractive."
Lung Cancer
What is lung cancer?
Lung cancer is cancer that begins in the lungs. Cancer is a disease in which cancer cell growth goes out of control, taking on the normal cells and organs of the body. There are two main types of lung cancer. Each type grows and spreads in different ways. Nonsmall cell lung cancer. This is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually spreads more slowly than other types of lung cancer. There are three main types of lung cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cancer
Small cell lung cancer
This is a less common type of lung cancer and it spreads faster than non-small cell lung cancer. There are three main types of small cell lung cancer:
Small cancer
Mix in a small cell
Combined small cell lung cancer
Lung cancer is usually vyzvann smoking - but not always. The researchers say that more than 90% of lung cancers in men and at least 70% of women are the direct result of smoking. Lung cancer can also be caused by other things. Some people who have lung cancer have never smoked in my life. Their cancer may be caused by something else, such as:
Second-hand smoke. People who regularly breathe passively, two times greater risk of developing lung cancer than people who stay away from smoke. It is a fact. Radon. Radon is a colorless, odorless gas found in soil. Radon can enter buildings through cracks in the foundation or insulation, or through drains or walls. Radon gas can get trapped in basements and other places that do not have a lot of air (fresh air). People who have high exposure to radon are at higher risk is also a cause of lung cancer.
Asbestos. Asbestos is heat-resistant mineral used in construction. It was also used in brake pads, insulation. People who have high exposure to asbestos have a higher risk of lung cancer.
Other toxic products of uranium, arsenic, some petroleum products may also increase the risk of lung cancer
Who is at risk?
People who are exposed to these things are most at risk of lung cancer:
Cigarette smoking
Second-hand smoke
Being exposed to asbestos or radon
Or a combination of any of these risks
If you smoke and you are exposed to another risk factor (radon, asbestos, etc.) you are at much higher risk of developing lung cancer.
As you can reduce your risk?
The best way to reduce the risk of lung cancer is simple: do not smoke. If you smoke, quit. The sooner you quit smoking, the sooner your risk of lung cancer is reduced. It's never too late to quit smoking. Stay away from secondhand smoke. Test your home for radon, which can penetrate through walls and basements.
Lung cancer is cancer that begins in the lungs. Cancer is a disease in which cancer cell growth goes out of control, taking on the normal cells and organs of the body. There are two main types of lung cancer. Each type grows and spreads in different ways. Nonsmall cell lung cancer. This is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually spreads more slowly than other types of lung cancer. There are three main types of lung cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cancer
Small cell lung cancer
This is a less common type of lung cancer and it spreads faster than non-small cell lung cancer. There are three main types of small cell lung cancer:
Small cancer
Mix in a small cell
Combined small cell lung cancer
Lung cancer is usually vyzvann smoking - but not always. The researchers say that more than 90% of lung cancers in men and at least 70% of women are the direct result of smoking. Lung cancer can also be caused by other things. Some people who have lung cancer have never smoked in my life. Their cancer may be caused by something else, such as:
Second-hand smoke. People who regularly breathe passively, two times greater risk of developing lung cancer than people who stay away from smoke. It is a fact. Radon. Radon is a colorless, odorless gas found in soil. Radon can enter buildings through cracks in the foundation or insulation, or through drains or walls. Radon gas can get trapped in basements and other places that do not have a lot of air (fresh air). People who have high exposure to radon are at higher risk is also a cause of lung cancer.
Asbestos. Asbestos is heat-resistant mineral used in construction. It was also used in brake pads, insulation. People who have high exposure to asbestos have a higher risk of lung cancer.
Other toxic products of uranium, arsenic, some petroleum products may also increase the risk of lung cancer
Who is at risk?
People who are exposed to these things are most at risk of lung cancer:
Cigarette smoking
Second-hand smoke
Being exposed to asbestos or radon
Or a combination of any of these risks
If you smoke and you are exposed to another risk factor (radon, asbestos, etc.) you are at much higher risk of developing lung cancer.
As you can reduce your risk?
The best way to reduce the risk of lung cancer is simple: do not smoke. If you smoke, quit. The sooner you quit smoking, the sooner your risk of lung cancer is reduced. It's never too late to quit smoking. Stay away from secondhand smoke. Test your home for radon, which can penetrate through walls and basements.
Lung cancer brings to a stroke
Obtained scientific evidence that patients with a diagnosis of "lung cancer" have a greater risk of stroke than those who did not put this diagnosis.
Researchers from Taiwan analyzed the medical records of more than 150 000 patients, found that cerebral blood flow often observed in people suffering from lung cancer. Because stroke victims were 26 cancer patients from 1000, whereas among patients who had no lung tumors, stroke occurred in 17 people.
According to specialists, so smoking, which is the main cause of malignant lung tumors, can be considered a risk factor for stroke.
On the study of Taiwanese scientists said the September issue of the journal Stroke.
Researchers from Taiwan analyzed the medical records of more than 150 000 patients, found that cerebral blood flow often observed in people suffering from lung cancer. Because stroke victims were 26 cancer patients from 1000, whereas among patients who had no lung tumors, stroke occurred in 17 people.
According to specialists, so smoking, which is the main cause of malignant lung tumors, can be considered a risk factor for stroke.
On the study of Taiwanese scientists said the September issue of the journal Stroke.
Lung cancer: causes and treatment
Determination of lung cancer: lung cancer, tumors, developing from the epithelial tissue of the bronchi, or alveoli, the small part of a mesenchymal and neurogenic origin (pleural mesothelioma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma). Currently, lung cancer ranks first in the structure of cancer. The frequency of lung cancer in men aged 48 - 77 years higher than in women. Etiology: 1. The wide prevalence of smoking and air pollution, 2. Occupational hazards (dust, chemical carcinogens, the effect of low doses of ionizing radiation), 3. Air pollution compounds of arsenic, chlorine, cadmium, 4. Contribute to the development of cancer chronic lung disease (tuberculosis, bronchitis, different scar lung tissue changes) 5. Genetic risk factors. Pathogenesis. In humans distinguish six main types of epithelial cells in the bronchi, which can be transformed in the process of carcinogenesis in cancer: 1. Flashing cell 2. Glandulotsitov that produce mucus, 3. Basal cells, 4. Thyroid cells 5. Shpilkopodibni apocrine cells of terminal bronchioles, 6. Kulchitsky neurosecretory cells that produce biogenic amines and polypeptides. The appearance of tumors in the lung preceded precancerous changes: epidermoid metaplasia of bronchial epithelium, hyperplasia, proliferation of the epithelium, the formation of mikropapilom, intraepithelial carcinoma, scars with chronic lung diseases (tuberculosis, heart disease, inflammation, mechanical damage). Classification. The International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death X revision (1992), lung cancer is in the category C 34 C34 - Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung C34.0 - Main bronchus Carina Trachea Lung C34.1 - Upper part of the bronchus or lung C34.2 - High proportion of the bronchus, or lung C34.3 - of lower lobe bronchus, or lung C34.8 - The defeat of the bronchi and lungs, which overlaps the localization C34.9 - the bronchi or lung, unspecified primary lung tumor cells out of the bronchopulmonary tissue, pleura, secondary develop from listed bloodstream or lymphatic tumor cell metastasis, as well as growing into the bronchi, lungs and pleura of the tumor from adjacent organs and tissues. Prior to cancer of the lungs and pleura include cancer, pleural mesothelioma and various types of sarcomas. According to the International Classification of lung tumors share: I. Squamous or epidermal (epidermoid) carcinoma. II. Small cell lung cancer: ovsyannokletochny (limfotsitopodobnyh). Promizhnoklitinny. The combined oat cell. III. Adenocarcinoma: acinar papillary bronchoalveolar carcinoma Solid carcinoma with mucin formation IV. Large cell carcinoma: Giant. clear cell. V. Ferruginous - squamous cell carcinoma. VI. Carcinoid tumor. VII. Cancer of bronchial glands: Adenokistozny, Mukoepidermoidny, Other. VIII. Other tumors. Clinical classification of TNM. T - Primary tumor. THEN - the primary tumor is not detected, T and S - preinvasive carcinoma (carcinoma in situ); T1 - the tumor is not more than 3 cm, surrounded by lung tissue or visceral pleura, without apparent invasion proximal - lobular bronchus during bronchoscopy, T2 - tumor more than 3 cm or tumor of any size, which is accompanied by atelectasis or obstructive pneumonia fate, which covers the root of the lung. The proximal edge of the tumor is located not less than 2 cm from the Carina, T3 tumor of any size directly passing on the adjacent anatomical structures, or the tumor is less than 2 cm from the Carina, a tumor with concomitant obstructive atelectasis or pneumonia, or the entire lung with hemorrhagic effusion; Tx - any swelling, which can be detected, or tumor proven cytologically, but invisible X-ray and bronchoscopic. N - Regional lymph nodes (hilar lymph nodes) N0 - no evidence of regional lymph nodes. N1 - there is NO damage bronchial and (or) the lymph nodes of the root of lung on the affected side, including direct tumor spread to the lymph nodes. N2 - affected mediastinal lymph nodes. N3 - insufficient data to assess the status of lymph nodes. M - distant metastasis. M0 - no evidence of distant metastases. M1 - there are distant metastases. M - not enough data to determine distant metastases. Grouping of lung cancer in stages: 1) Hidden Cancer - Stage T NM0 first T1 N0M0 stage 1b N0T2 T1 N1M0 Stage 2 Stage 3 T2 N1M0 T3 N0-1 Mo, T0 -3 N2M0 Stage 4 T0-3 N0-2 Examples of formulations of diagnosis of M1 . 1. The central small cell lung cancer with a lesion of the right lung and main bronchi verhnodolovogo, pleura of the right lung with metastases to the liver, brain. 2. Peripheral cancer (adenocarcinoma) IV segment of the left lung with metastasis to lymph nodes in the mediastinum, left supraclavicular region (T2, N 2M1). 3. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus with atelectasis verhnodolovogo upper lobe and metastases in bronchopulmonary and tracheobronchial lymph nodes (T2, N 1M0) 4. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma of the left lung diffusely - nodular form, with the defeat of the lower lobe (T2 N 0M0). The clinic. Symptoms of lung cancer is determined by tumor localization in the lungs, the prevalence of the process and the absence of disease, which often precede the development of lung cancer. When a peripheral cancer early symptoms are: cough (initially dry, then with little sputum), chest pain on the affected side (60 - 70%). As the progression of the disease in the clinic symptoms associated with damage to large areas of broncho-pulmonary tissues, organs germination in the mediastinum, chest wall, diaphragm, and the development of specific pleurisy, the collapse of the tumor, with the detection of metastases, tumor growth intoxication. Sometimes direct clinical evidence of lung cancer is the enlarged lymph nodes supraclavicular regions, laryngeal paralysis due to recurrent nerve lesion, the appearance of metastases in the subcutaneous tissue, pathological fractures. A special place in the clinic for lung cancer took peraneoplastichni syndromes that may occur during the initial stages of tumor growth, osteoarthropathy, a syndrome of "drumsticks", gynecomastia, rheumatoid syndrome, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, which is associated with the production of lung cancer in hormone-like substances. X-ray examination, even if asymptomatic can be suspected neoplastic process: identify tumor lesions, signs of bronchial patency, secondary symptoms of pneumonic changes around the tumor in the lung tissue, enlarged lymph nodes at the root of the lungs and mediastinum. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was relatively slow. Patients report cough, chest pain, shortness of breath. Informative X-ray method by which reveal a peripheral tumor, multiple tumor nodules or pnevmoniepodibni changes of the lungs. The methods of verification of the tumor is sputum on tumor cells and transthoracic needle biopsy. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung cancer diagnoz.V used a complex X-ray examination, which involves the use of radiography, tomography, pnevmomediastinografiya, angiopneumography, computed tomography, or CT-based nuclear magnetic resonance. To evaluate the lung ventilation is used with radiopnevmografiyu He133, which allows to identify a reduced area of pneumatization in different zones of the lungs. Bronchoscopy allows a cytological and histological studies to establish the spread of tumors bronchial tree. Among other endoscopic mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy is used. Mediastinoscopy is indicated for detection of mediastinal lymph nodes, suspicious for metastatic disease. Thoracoscopy allows to exclude pleural metastases, facilitates the differential diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. When treating patients with cancer need clear histologic or cytologic diagnosis. In difficult diagnostic cases, a particular value is the systematic examination of sputum for abnormal cells. The final procedure in the case of uncertain diagnosis in some cases becoming diagnostic thoracotomy. In recent years, widely used radioimmunoassay tests certain cancers - embryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin, and β2 - microglobulin concentration in the blood of patients with lung cancer is much higher than normal concentration. Differential diagnosis of lung cancer should be conducted with benign tuberculoma, a cyst of the lung. For benign tumors of the lung characterized by low-key, asymptomatic onset of the disease, the lack of general weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and only later show signs of compression of other organs. Hematological changes, in contrast to lung cancer detected отсутствуют.Рентгенологически rounded shadow with smooth contours, the lymph nodes were not enlarged. Growth is very slow or absent. Cytologically as opposed to lung cancer, which exhibit atypical and cancer cells in sputum, and punctate in benign lung tumors exhibit the same type of cells, monomorfnist structure of cells, mitoses are absent. For pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by gradual onset with moderate currents, symptoms of tuberculosis intoxication, moderate sedimentation rate and leukocytosis. Radiological: roundish inhomogeneous shadow, signs of TB (focal calcification). Growth is slow or absent. Verhnodoleva localization process. Cytology: epithelioid cells (10-20%). Cyst lung is characterized by subtle asymptomatic onset, absence of clinical symptoms that may occur as a result of festering cysts (fever, sputum, cough). Hematological parameters are missing (except for the festering cysts). Radiographically: round or oval with a clear outline shadow. Positive syndrome Nemenova. Cytological data were normal. Treatment. There are surgical, combined (surgical + radiotherapy), radiotherapy, chemotherapy and holistic treatments for lung cancer. If no primary small cell lung cancer treatment - surgery. It was shown in I-II stages of the disease and to conduct pneumonectomy, lobectomy, or extended operations. In some cases, improve the results of treatment of patients with lung cancer allows preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy. Its use in patients with stage II-III cancer. Holding of combined treatment with the inclusion of radiotherapy obgrutovano high frequency of non-radical operations. Chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer is not used for patient refusal of other methods of treatment, or the inability of their prevalence in the process, as well as recurrence of disease when other treatments have been exhausted. Uses a combination active against lung cancer drug methotrexate, andriamitsinu, cyclophosphamide, tsispletinu, procarbazine, fluorouracil, mitomycin - C, vincristine. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer is used in a number of years. With small cell lung cancer surgery is used sparingly. Treated with radiotherapy or combined treatment (irradiation and polychemotherapy). When topically - common forms of treatment starts with chemotherapy, and then connect the radiation therapy. In cases of generalization and dissemination process, the main method is polychemotherapy. Polychemotherapy small cell lung cancer should be intense and long. The most effective drugs are etoposide, vincristine, natulan, embihin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, geksametilmelanin, adriamycin, mitomycin - C SSNU cisplatin. After achieving remission, maintenance therapy is needed, which takes place within 1-2 years. In the remission stage it makes sense to use immunomodulators: thymosin, T-activin, levamizol.U patients with remission showed prophylactic irradiation of the brain that is caused by a high frequency of micrometastases (in 25-60%), which until that time when clinical - radiological not investigated detected as cytotoxic agents in connection with the presence of blood-brain barrier can not always stop their development.
Scientists will be able to beat lung cancer
Scientists from Australia will soon learn how to prevent the recurrence of lung cancer. Stop the development of aggressive forms of the deadly disease will form a special cell block.
Australian scientists have discovered in people undergoing chemotherapy, a special mechanism that causes recurrent aggressive form of lung cancer. Experts have found a way to overcome it and not let such a way to develop the disease after treatment with chemotherapy again.
Supervised the Australian Medical Professor Neil Watkins (Monashsky Institute medissledovany). A new method of treatment, explained the professor, is to completely block the so-called chemical way broadcast signal in the cells, known as Hedgehog. In healthy cells of the body it controls the process of development and recovery of vital organs. "If the drug can suppress the signal way Hedgehog, one can safely speak of a real reduction in the risk of relapse and re-enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy," - said Neil Watkins.
Meanwhile, a team of researchers from Queensland was able to detect two variants of genes increase the risk of melanoma. Recall that melanoma - the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Experts believe that the discovery of Australian scientists in the future will give more accurate predictions about the degree of susceptibility of people to the disease.
Australian scientists have discovered in people undergoing chemotherapy, a special mechanism that causes recurrent aggressive form of lung cancer. Experts have found a way to overcome it and not let such a way to develop the disease after treatment with chemotherapy again.
Supervised the Australian Medical Professor Neil Watkins (Monashsky Institute medissledovany). A new method of treatment, explained the professor, is to completely block the so-called chemical way broadcast signal in the cells, known as Hedgehog. In healthy cells of the body it controls the process of development and recovery of vital organs. "If the drug can suppress the signal way Hedgehog, one can safely speak of a real reduction in the risk of relapse and re-enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy," - said Neil Watkins.
Meanwhile, a team of researchers from Queensland was able to detect two variants of genes increase the risk of melanoma. Recall that melanoma - the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Experts believe that the discovery of Australian scientists in the future will give more accurate predictions about the degree of susceptibility of people to the disease.
Lung cancer can be diagnosed by nails
Is there for you at increased risk for lung cancer? The answer to this question can give your nails, and - the nails of the lower extremities. Such findings have Western scholars and physicians, conducted the study, which was attended by more than seven hundred adult persons of various ages and both sexes.
In the study, researchers tested the nails of the lower limbs of all voluntary participants of the study, at the level of nicotine in the nail plate, and then held a general test of their health, with emphasis on detection of lung cancer or at risk of its development.
As the results of the study, people who found nails in a high nicotine content, the risk of lung cancer was approximately 40% higher than that of people who found nails in the low nicotine content. At the same time one of those people, the nicotine content in the nails which had been high, not all were smokers.
It turned out that nicotine is accumulated in both men and women who did not touched cigarettes, but they often were in the society of smokers. Thus, the mentioned people have been victims of passive smoking, which is indeed a real danger to others.
It should be noted that smoking not only to the development of cardiovascular disease, premature aging of the skin and hair, and impotence. Smoking is also a major factor because of who develops lung cancer. The disease affects men more than women, it is due to the fact that representatives of the sterner sex smoke a lot more often.
To date, lung cancer occurs in about forty people out of every hundred thousand. If you find this disease in the first or second stages, success against them, can be achieved in every other case.
The diagnosis of lung cancer is recommended especially for smokers in middle age. Such a diagnosis is possible in Israel to go to foreign nationals, which should appeal to the medical company, whose staff arrange medical procedures and solve all related issues.
In the study, researchers tested the nails of the lower limbs of all voluntary participants of the study, at the level of nicotine in the nail plate, and then held a general test of their health, with emphasis on detection of lung cancer or at risk of its development.
As the results of the study, people who found nails in a high nicotine content, the risk of lung cancer was approximately 40% higher than that of people who found nails in the low nicotine content. At the same time one of those people, the nicotine content in the nails which had been high, not all were smokers.
It turned out that nicotine is accumulated in both men and women who did not touched cigarettes, but they often were in the society of smokers. Thus, the mentioned people have been victims of passive smoking, which is indeed a real danger to others.
It should be noted that smoking not only to the development of cardiovascular disease, premature aging of the skin and hair, and impotence. Smoking is also a major factor because of who develops lung cancer. The disease affects men more than women, it is due to the fact that representatives of the sterner sex smoke a lot more often.
To date, lung cancer occurs in about forty people out of every hundred thousand. If you find this disease in the first or second stages, success against them, can be achieved in every other case.
The diagnosis of lung cancer is recommended especially for smokers in middle age. Such a diagnosis is possible in Israel to go to foreign nationals, which should appeal to the medical company, whose staff arrange medical procedures and solve all related issues.
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